Agus Wibowo
Sangguran Inscription is
an important document that became evidence of Indonesian history, especially
about Medang Kingdom. This inscription was brought by Stamford Raffles in the
early 19th century, given to the Governor General of the British Empire in
India, Lord Minto, and taken to Scotland.
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| Sangguran Stone on the yard of Lord Minto's house |
Before Mpu Sindok led
the exodus of the Royal Family of Medang from Central Java to East Java, The
Medang Royal military had expanded to the eastern part of Java Island several
years earlier. Their tracks were found in Tulungagung until Malang and
conquered the Kingdom of Kanjuruhan. Sangguran Ston issued by order Mpu Sindok
who became Prime Minister in Medang in the time of King Dyah Wawa. This
expansion continued the efforts of King Dyah Balitung in 905, recorded in the
Kubu-Kubu Stone, which is part of the Penampihan Temple in Tulungagung.
Sangguran Inscription is
made of stone which formed a neat plate, where the manuscript is inscribed on
the front 38 lines, the back 45 lines, and the side 15 lines. At the front the
opening prayer is written as follows: “Hope there are no obstacles! May prosper
throughout the universe, (and) may all do good! May melt all sins, (and) may be
blessed all over the earth! Congratulations!” In this section there is a number
of years 850 Saka or 928 AD, when the King Dyah Wawa send orders to Mpu Sindok
to build an inscription for the Sangguran Village.
From the transliteration
made by Hasan, this inscription is intended as the inauguration of granting
sima grace to Sangguran Village. with this inscription the government gave
orders to officials of Sangguran Village to collect taxes as income to maintain
and finance various purposes of the sacred building, as a tribute to the place
of Shiva in the area of the cleric in Mananjung. On the front, this inscription
also confirms the ban for Royal Medang officials to enter Sangguran Village to
levy taxes. The names of positions that are prohibited to enter the village
were very much, including patih, wahuta, and all the king's servants.
There are other aspects
related to the rules described, including the types of levies and fines for
crimes. This inscription also provides a report on the events that took place
in the inaugural ceremony of granting this sima grace. It is said that there
are puppet shows (people), there are many dishes that are all eaten up, and
there is a gift to many, some who get gold or silver and cloth. Rewards are
given to prominent figures in war, as well as to puppet performers.
The explanation of the
gift sharing is quite long, right down to the back side of the inscription. After
the story of gift sharing, at the bottom of the inscription there are closing
sentences, which contain curses. The curse for anyone who destroys, transfers
or disobeys the rules written on the Sangguran Stone. This curse sentence is
very long, from line 28 to 38. Among the curse sentences as follows:
· If there are evil people
who do not obey and do not keep the curse that has been uttered by the wahuta
hyang kudur, (whether he is) noble (or) servant, old (or) young, male (or)
female, wiku (or) ladder, and obedient, wahuta, raama, anyone who destroys the
village of Sangguran who has been given as sima to the punta in Mananjung, for
the Bhatara (who dwells) in the sacred buildings of worship in the area of the
blacksmiths, to the end of the age, is
destroyed!
· Similarly if someone
pulls out the hyang watu siima, then he will be exposed to his karma, kill by
you Hyang, he must be killed, so as not to see sideways, banged from the front,
from the left side, prune his mouth, split his head, tear his stomach, grab his
intestines, remove his innards, dive his heart, eat his flesh, drink his blood,
then carry on (and) finally, destroy the
soul!
· If they walk in the
forest (will be) eaten by tigers, snakes will be pierced, (will) be twisted by
the God of Wrath, if walking in the moor will be struck by lightning, torn by
the giant, and so on.
The manuscript on the
side explains the completion of the show, the praise for the puppets players who
play well, the audience is satisfied with the show and also on the dish. The
last sentence is "This is the custom of the sima in Sangguran. Has been
finished, written by Hino's clerk, Laksana. Hino was the Prime Minister of Medang
and Laksana was his clerk.
